Mazhinji solar panel anofukidza matenga edzimba, minda, uye magwenga nhasi anogovera chinhu chimwe chete: crystalline silicon.Izvo zvinhu, zvakagadzirwa kubva mbishi polysilicon, zvakaumbwa kuita mawafer uye waya mumasero ezuva, zvishandiso zvinoshandura chiedza chezuva kuita magetsi.Munguva pfupi yapfuura, kutsamira kweindasitiri pane iyi tekinoroji imwe chete kwave chinhu chemutoro.Supply chain mabhodhorovari kunonokakugadzwa kutsva kwezuva pasi rose.Vakuru vepolysilicon vatengesi mudunhu reChina Xinjiang -vachipomerwa mhosva yekushandisa chibharo kubva kuUyghurs- vakatarisana nezvirango zvekutengeserana zveUS.
Neraki, crystalline silicon haisiriyo chete zvinhu zvinogona kubatsira kubatanidza simba rezuva.MuUnited States, masayendisiti nevagadziri vari kushanda kuti vawedzere kugadzirwa kwecadmium telluride solar tekinoroji.Cadmium telluride imhando ye "firimu nhete" solar cell, uye, sekureva kunoita zita irori, yakatetepa kupfuura yechinyakare silicon cell.Nhasi, mapaneru anoshandisa cadmium telluridekupa inenge 40 muzanayeUS utility-scale musika, uye ingangoita 5 muzana yemusika wepasi rose solar.Uye ivo vanomira kuti vabatsirwe kubva kumhepo dzakatarisana neyakakura solar indasitiri.
"Inguva yakaoma kwazvo, kunyanya yecrystalline silicon yekugovera cheni kazhinji," akadaro Kelsey Goss, muongorori wesolar weboka rekupa mazano emagetsi Wood Mackenzie."Pane mukana mukuru wevagadziri vecadmium telluride kutora chikamu chemusika mugore rinouya."Kunyanya, akacherechedza, sezvo iyo cadmium telluride chikamu chave kutowedzera.
Muna Chikumi, mugadziri we solar First Solar akati zvaizodarokuisa $680 mamiriyonimune yechitatu cadmium telluride solar fekitori kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweOhio.Kana nzvimbo yacho yapera, muna 2025, kambani ichakwanisa kugadzira 6 gigawatts 'yakakosha solar panels munzvimbo iyi.Izvo zvinokwana kupa masimba angangoita miriyoni imwe dzimba dzeAmerica.Imwe Ohio-based solar femu, Toledo Solar, ichangobva kupinda mumusika uye iri kugadzira cadmium telluride mapaneru ematenga edzimba.Uye muna Chikumi, Dhipatimendi reMagetsi reUS uye neNational Renewable Energy Laboratory, kana NREL,yakatanga chirongwa chemamiriyoni makumi maviri emadhorakukurumidza kutsvagisa uye kukura iyo yekugovera keni yecadmium telluride.Chimwe chezvinangwa zvechirongwa ndechekubatsira kumisa musika wesolar weUS kubva kune zvimhingamipinyi zvepasi rose.
Vatsvagiri veNREL neFirst Solar, yaimbonzi Solar Cell Inc., vakashanda pamwechete kubvira kutanga kwema1990s kugadzira.cadmium telluride tekinoroji.Cadmium uye telluride zvigadzirwa zvekunyungudutsa zinc ores uye kunatsa mhangura, zvichiteerana.Ipo ma silicon wafers akabatanidzwa pamwechete kugadzira maseru, cadmium uye telluride inoiswa senge yakatetepa - ingangoita chikamu chimwe mugumi chehupamhi hwebvudzi remunhu - kune pani regirazi, pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvinofambisa magetsi.First Solar, iyo yava mugadziri mukuru wemafirimu matete pasi rose, yakapa mapaneru ekuisa simba rezuva munyika makumi mana neshanu.
Iyo tekinoroji ine zvimwe zvakanakira pamusoro pecrystalline silicon, akadaro NREL sainzi Lorelle Mansfield.Semuenzaniso, iyo yakaonda firimu maitiro inoda mashoma zvinhu pane iyo wafer-based maitiro.Tekinoroji yefirimu yakatetepa yakanyatsokodzera kushandiswa mumapaneru anochinjika, seaya anovhara mabhegi kana drones kana akabatanidzwa mukuvaka façades nemahwindo.Zvakakosha, mapaneru akaonda emufirimu anoita zvirinani mukupisa kunopisa, nepo silicon mapaneru anogona kupisa uye kuita kushomeka pakugadzira magetsi, akadaro.
Asi crystalline silicon ine ruoko rwepamusoro mune dzimwe nzvimbo, senge avhareji kugona kwavo - zvichireva chikamu chechiedza chezuva icho mapaneru anotora uye anoshandura kuita magetsi.Kubva kare, mapaneru esilicon akave nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro kupfuura tekinoroji yecadmium telluride, kunyangwe gap riri kushomeka.18 kusvika 22 muzana, nepo First Solar yakashuma kushanda kweavhareji ye18 muzana kune yayo mitsva yekutengeserana mapaneru.
Zvakadaro, chikonzero chikuru silicon yakatonga musika wepasirese iri nyore."Zvese zvinoenderana nemutengo," Goss akadaro."Musika wesolar unowanzo kufambiswa zvakanyanya neiyo yakachipa tekinoroji."
Crystalline silicon inoita madhora 0.24 kusvika kumadhora 0.25 kugadzira watt yega yega yesimba rezuva, iri shoma pane vamwe vanokwikwidza, akadaro.Chekutanga Solar yakati haichatauri mutengo-per-watt kugadzira yayo cadmium telluride mapaneru, chete izvo mutengo "wakadzikira zvakanyanya" kubvira 2015 - apo kambani.inodhura yemadhora 0.46 pawatt- uye ramba uchidonha gore rega rega.Pane zvikonzero zvishoma kuti nesilicon kuti hama cheapness.Iyo mbishi polysilicon, iyo inoshandiswa zvakare mumakomputa uye mafoni, inowanikwa zvakanyanya uye isingadhure pane inopihwa yecadmium uye telluride.Sezvo mafekitori esilicon mapanera uye zvinhu zvine chekuita nazvo zvakwira, mutengo wakazara wekugadzira nekuisa tekinoroji wakadzikira.Hurumende yeChina inewo zvakanyanyainotsigirwa uye inotsigirwanyika yesilicon solar sector - zvekutivanenge 80 muzanayepasi rose yekugadzira solar kugadzira cheni ikozvino inomhanya neChina.
Kudonha kwemitengo yepaneru kwakafambisa kuputika kwezuva repasi rose.Mumakore gumi apfuura, huwandu hwepasi rose hwakaiswa solar hwaona kuwedzera kwakapetwa kagumi, kubva pa74,000 megawatts muna 2011 kusvika panosvika 714,000 megawatts muna 2020.maererano neiyo International Renewable Energy Agency.IUnited States inotora chikamu chimwe muzvinomwe chenyika yose, uye solar ikozvinoimwe yenzvimbo huruyemagetsi matsva anoiswa muUS gore rega rega.
Mutengo pa watt ye cadmium telluride uye humwe hutete hwemafirimu matekinoroji unotarisirwa kudzikira sezvo kugadzira kunowedzera.(First Solar inotikuti kana nzvimbo yayo itsva yeOhio ichivhurwa, kambani ichaunza mutengo wakaderera pawatt pamusika wese wezuva.) Asi mutengo hausi iwo chete metric yakakosha, sezvo indasitiri yezvino nyaya dzekutengesa uye kushushikana kwevashandi zvinojekesa.
Mark Widmar, CEO weFirst Solar, akati iyo kambani yakaronga kuwedzera mazana matanhatu emamiriyoni emadhora chikamu chekuedza kukuru kuvaka cheni yekuzvitakura uye "kubvisa" indasitiri yesolar yeUS kubva kuChina.Kunyangwe cadmium telluride mapaneru asingashandise chero polysilicon, Chekutanga Solar yakanzwa mamwe matambudziko akatarisana neindasitiri, senge denda-rakakonzeresa kumashure muindasitiri yekutumira ngarava.Muna Kubvumbi, Chekutanga Solar yakaudza vanoisa mari kuti kusangana pazviteshi zveAmerica kwaive kwakatakura zvinhu kubva kunzvimbo dzayo muAsia.Kuwedzera kugadzirwa kweUS kunobvumira kambani kushandisa migwagwa uye njanji kutumira mapaneru ayo, kwete ngarava dzinotakura zvinhu, Widmar akadaro.Uye chirongwa chekambani chiripo chekudzokorodza chemapanera ayo ezuva chinoibvumira kushandisazve zvinhu kakawanda pamusoro, zvichiwedzera kudzikisa kuvimba kwayo nemacheni ekupa kunze kwenyika uye zvigadzirwa.
Sezvo Solar Yekutanga inoburitsa mapaneru, masayendisiti kukambani neNREL vanoramba vachiyedza nekuvandudza tekinoroji yecadmium telluride.Muna 2019, vanobatanaakatanga nzira itsvaizvo zvinosanganisira "doping" iyo yakaonda firimu zvinhu nemhangura uye chlorine kuti iwane yakanyanya kunaka.Pakutanga mwedzi uno, NRELakazivisa zvabudaye25-year-field test panzvimbo yayo yekunze muGolden, Colorado.A 12-panel array ye cadmium telluride panels yaishanda pa 88 muzana yekubudirira kwayo kwepakutanga, mhedzisiro yakasimba yepaneru yakagara kunze kweanopfuura makumi maviri emakore.Kushatisa "kunoenderana nezvinoitwa nesilicon masisitimu," sekuburitswa kweNREL.
Mansfield, musayendisiti weNREL, akati chinangwa hachisi chekutsiva crystalline silicon necadmium telluride kana kumisa tekinoroji yepamusoro kune imwe.“Ndinofunga kuti pane nzvimbo yavose pamusika, uye mumwe nemumwe ane zvikumbiro zvake,” akadaro."Tinoda kuti simba rese riende kunzvimbo dzinogoneka, saka isu tinoda chaizvo marudzi ese akasiyana etekinoroji kuti asangane nedambudziko iri."
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-17-2021