Upenyu hwomurimi hwagara huri hwekushanda nesimba uye matambudziko akawanda.Hazvisi zvakazarurwa kutaura kuti muna 2020 kune matambudziko akawanda kupfuura nakare kose kuvarimi uye indasitiri yese.Zvikonzero zvavo zvakaoma uye zvakasiyana, uye chokwadi chebudiriro yetekinoroji uye kudyidzana kwepasi rose kazhinji kazhinji kwakawedzera matambudziko pakuvapo kwavo.
Asi hazvigone kufuratirwa zviitiko zvakadaro zvakaunzawo mabhenefiti akawanda pakurima.Saka kunyangwe iyo indasitiri inotarisa pamakore gumi matsva ane zvipingaidzo zvakakura zvekupona kwayo kupfuura nakare kose, kune zvakare vimbiso yeichiri kusimukira tekinoroji inouya mukushandiswa kwevanhu vakawanda.Tekinoroji inogona kubatsira varimi kwete chete kuchengetedza, asi kubudirira.Solar chikamu chakakosha cheiyi simba idzva.
Kubva 1800s kusvika 2020
Shanduko yeIndustrial yakaita kuti kurima kuve nemazvo.Asi zvakaunzawo kuparara kunorwadza kwemuenzaniso wehupfumi hwekare.Sezvo tekinoroji yakafambira mberi yakabvumira kuti kukohwa kuitwe nekukurumidza asi nemutengo wedhamu revashandi.Kurasikirwa nemabasa nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwekurima kwave kuri tsika yakajairika kubva ipapo.Kuuya kutsva kwakadaro uye shanduko kune varimi vemodhiyo varipo kazhinji kazhinji vakagamuchira nekuvenga zvakaenzana.
Panguva imwecheteyo, nzira iyo kudiwa kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika kwekurima kwachinja zvakare.Mumakumi emakore akapfuura nokukwanisa kwemarudzi ari kure kuti atengese zvinhu zvokurimisa kwakanga—kunyange zvazvo kwakanga kusingabviri zvachose—tariro yakaoma zvikuru.Nhasi (kubvumidza kukanganiswa kwedenda re coronavirus kwenguva pfupi pakuita) kuchinjana kwepasi rose kwezvinhu zvekurima kunoitwa zviri nyore uye nekumhanya izvo zvingadai zvisina kufungidzira munguva dzakapfuura.Asi izvi zvakare kazhinji zvakaisa dzvinyiriro itsva kuvarimi.
Hungu, pasina mubvunzo vamwe vakabatsirwa—uye vakabatsirwa zvikuru nokuchinja kwakadaro—sezvo mapurazi anogadzira zvinhu “zvakachena uye zvakasvibirira” zvino ava nemusika wechokwadi wenyika dzakawanda wokutengesera kunze.Asi kune avo vanotengesa zvinhu zvenguva dzose, kana kuwana musika wepasi rose wakazadza vateereri vavo vepamba nezvinhu zvakafanana zvavanotengesa, nzira yekuchengeta purofiti yakatsiga gore negore yave yakaoma zvikuru.
Pakupedzisira, maitiro akadaro haasi matambudziko evarimi chete, asi kune vamwe vose.Kunyanya avo vari munyika dzavakaberekerwa.Zvinotarisirwa makore ari mberi achaona nyika ichiwedzera kusagadzikana nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda, kwete zvishoma izvo kutyisidzira kuri kuwedzera kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.Muna ikoku, chaizvoizvo rudzi rwose ruchatarisana nedzvinyiriro itsva pakutsvaka kwarwo chengeteko yezvokudya.Zvinotarisirwa kuti kurarama kwekurima sebasa rinoshanda uye modhi yehupfumi ichave nekukurumidzira, munharaunda uye pasi rose.Iko pano kuti solar inogona kuve chinhu chakakosha zvakadaro kuenda kumberi.
Solar semuponesi?
Solar Agriculture (AKA "agrophotovoltaics" uye "dual-use farming") inobvumira varimi kuisasolar panelizvo zvinopa nzira yekuita kuti simba ravo rishandise zvakanyanya, uye nekusimudzira zvakananga kugona kwavo kurima.Kune varimi vane zvikamu zviduku zvevhu kunyanya-sezvinowanzoonekwa muFrance-kurima kwezuva kunopa nzira yekugadzirisa mabhiri emagetsi, kuderedza kushandiswa kwavo kwemafuta, uye kufema hupenyu hutsva mumabasa aripo.
Kutaura zvazviri, maererano nezvakawanikwa mumakore achangopfuura, Germany'sFraunhofer Institutemukuongorora mashandiro ekuedza mukati medunhu reLake Constance yenyika, agrophotovoltaics yakawedzera goho repapurazi ne160% kana zvichienzaniswa nekuvhiya kwanga kusiri kushandiswa kaviri munguva imwe cheteyo.
Kufanana neindasitiri yezuva rose, agrophotovoltaics inoramba iri mudiki.Nekudaro, padivi pekuisa kwatove kushanda kuzere pasirese, kwave neakawanda mapurojekiti ekuedza muFrance, Italy, Croatia, USA, nekumwe.Kusiyana kwezvirimwa zvinogona kukura pasi pemakona ezuva (zvinobvumira kusiyanisa kwenzvimbo, mamiriro ekunze, uye mamiriro) zvinoshamisa.Gorosi, mbatatisi, bhinzi, kare, matomatisi, swiss chard, nezvimwe zvakakura zvakabudirira pasi pekuisa solar.
Zvirimwa hazvingokuri zvinobudirira pasi pemaseti akadaro asi zvinogona kuona mwaka wazvo wekukura uchitambanudzwa nekuda kwemamiriro akakwana ekushandisa-paviri-zvinopihwa, zvichipa humwe hudziya munguva yechando uye inotonhorera mamiriro ekunze muzhizha.Chidzidzo munharaunda yeMaharashtra yeIndia yakawanikwagoho rinosvika 40% kumusorokuvonga kune yakaderedzwa evaporation uye yakawedzera shading iyo agrophotovoltaics kuisirwa kwakapihwa.
Iro nyika chaiyo
Kunyangwe paine zvakawanda zvekuve zvakanaka pakubatanidza maindasitiri ezuva nerekurima pamwechete, pane zvimhingamipinyi zviri mberi.SaGerald Leach
, Sachigaro weVictorian Farmers FederationLand Management Committee, boka rinomirira varimi vokuAustralia rakaudza Solar Magazine,“Pazhinji, veVFF vanotsigira kuvandudzwa kwezuva, chero vasingapindire minda yekurima yemhando yepamusoro, semumadiridziro.”
Nekudaro, "VFF inotenda kuti kuitira kuti hurongwa hwekuvandudza kugadzirwa kwezuva muminda yekurima, zvirongwa zvakakura zvinopa magetsi kugedhi zvinofanirwa kurongwa nekubvumidzwa kudzivirira mhedzisiro isingatarisirwe.Tinotsigira varimi kuti vakwanise kuisa magetsi ezuva kuti vazvishandise vakwanise kuzviita vasina magwaro emvumo.”
Kuna VaLeach, kugona kubatanidza midziyo yezuva nekurima iripo uye mhuka zvakare kunofadza.
Tinotarisira kufambira mberi mune zvekurima kwezuva izvo zvinobvumira solar arrays uye zvekurima kuti zvivepo pamwe chete, zvine mabhenefiti ezvekurima nemagetsi maindasitiri.
“Kune zvakawanda zviri kuitika zuva rega rega, kunyanya zvega, apo hwai dzinofamba-famba pakati pemasolar.Mombe dzakakurisa uye dzinokuvadza solar panels, asi hwai, chero ukavanza waya dzese kuti dzisasvikire, dzakakwana kuchengetedza huswa pakati pemapanera. "
Uyezve, saDavid Huang, maneja wepurojekiti yekuvandudza simba rekuvandudzaSouth Energyvakaudza Solar Magazine kuti, “Kugara purazi rezuva kunogona kuve kwakaoma sezvo zvivakwa zvemagetsi munzvimbo dzematunhu zvinoda kuvandudzwa kuti zvitsigire shanduko yemagetsi.Kubatanidza mabasa ekurima mukurima kwezuva kunounzawo kuomarara mukugadzira, uye mashandiro uye manejimendi epurojekiti”, uye izvo zvinoenderana:
Kunzwisisa kuri nani kwezvinorehwa nemutengo uye rutsigiro rwehurumende rwekutsvagisa-kurangwa kunoonekwa sekudikanwa.
Kunyangwe mutengo wesolar zvakazara uchidzikira, chokwadi ndechekuti solar kurima kuisirwa kunogona kuramba kuchidhura - uye kunyanya kana kwakakuvadzwa.Nepo kusimbaradzwa nedziviriro kuchiiswa kudzivirira mukana wakadaro, kukuvadzwa kwedanda rimwe chete kunogona kuva dambudziko guru.Dambudziko ringave rakaoma zvikuru kudzivirira mwaka nemwaka kana murimi achiri kuda kushandisa michina inorema pakuisa, zvichireva kuti kukona kumwe chete kwevhiri kunogona kukanganisa kuseta kwese.
Kune varimi vazhinji, mhinduro yedambudziko iri yanga iri yekuisa.Kuparadzanisa kuiswa kwezuva kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekurima kunogona kuona zvimwe zvakanakisa zvekurima kwezuva zvakarasika, asi zvinopa kumwe kuchengetedzeka kwakatenderedza chimiro.Iyi mhando yekuseta inoona nzvimbo yepamusoro yakachengeterwa kurima chete, iine ivhu rekuwedzera (yechipiri-odha kana yechitatu-yemhando yemhando apo ivhu harina kupfuma-kupfuma) rinoshandiswa kuisirwa zuva.Kurongeka kwakadai kunogona kuita kuti kukanganiswa kwezviitwa zvekurima zvidzikire.
Kugadzirisa kune mamwe ari kubuda matekinoroji
Mukuona zvakaringana chivimbiso chine solar chekurima mune ramangwana, hazvigone kufuratirwa kuti mamwe matekinoroji anosvika panzvimbo ichave chiitiko chenhoroondo ichizvidzokorora.Iko kunotarisirwa kukura mukushandiswa kweArtificial Intelligence (AI) mukati mechikamu muenzaniso wakakosha weizvi.Kunyangwe munda wemarobhoti hausati wafambira mberi zvakakwana kusvika padanho rekuti tinoona marobhoti akaomesesa achifamba-famba pamusoro pezvivakwa zvedu achienda kumabasa emaoko, isu tiri kusuduruka takananga ikoko.
Zvakare, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (AKA drones) dzatove kushandiswa mumapurazi mazhinji, uye zvinotarisirwa kuti kugona kwavo kuita mabasa akasiyana siyana mune ramangwana kuchawedzera chete.Mune rinova dingindira guru mukuongorora remangwana reindasitiri yekurima, varimi vanofanira kutsvaga kugona tekinoroji iri kusimukira kuti vawane pundutso—kana kuti njodzi yekuwana purofiti yavo inodzorwa nekufambira mberi kweruzivo rwemichina.
Kufanotaura kumberi
Haisi chakavanzika remangwana rekurima richaona kutyisidzira kutsva kuchimuka kunotyisidzira kurarama kwayo.Izvi kwete nekuda kwekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, asi kukanganisa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.Panguva imwecheteyo, tekinoroji inofambira mberi zvisinei hazvo, kurima mune ramangwana kucharamba kuchida — kwamakore akawanda ari kuuya kana kusiri zvachose — kudiwa kwehunyanzvi hwevanhu.
SolarMagazine.com -Solar energy nhau, budiriro uye nzwisiso.
Kutonga purazi, kuita sarudzo dzekutonga, uye zvechokwadi kukanda ziso remunhu pamusoro pemukana kana dambudziko pane ivhu iro AI isati yave kukwanisa kuita nenzira imwechete.Pamusoro pazvo, sezvo matambudziko ari munyika dzepasi rose achikura mumakore anotevera nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze nezvimwe zvinhu, kucherechedzwa kwehurumende kuti rubatsiro rwakawanda runofanira kupihwa kumapazi adzo ekurima kuchakurawo.
Chokwadi, kana zvakapfuura paine chimwe chinhu chingaitwa neizvi hazvigadzirise nhamo dzese kana kubvisa matambudziko ese, asi zvinoreva kuti pachave neshanduko itsva munguva inotevera yekurima.Imwe iyo solar inopa mukana wakakura se tekinoroji inobatsira uye kudiwa kwekuchengetedza chikafu kwakakosha.Solar chete haigone kuchengetedza indasitiri yekurima yemazuva ano-asi inogona kuve chishandiso chine simba mukubatsira kuvaka chitsauko chitsva chakasimba mune ramangwana.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-03-2021