Solar panels dzekugara dzinowanzotengeswa nezvikwereti zvenguva refu kana marendi, nevaridzi vedzimba vanopinda zvibvumirano zvemakore makumi maviri kana kupfuura. Asi mapaneru anogara kwenguva yakareba sei, uye anosimba zvakadii?
Panel hupenyu hunoenderana nezvakati wandei zvinhu, zvinosanganisira mamiriro ekunze, module mhando, uye racking system inoshandiswa, pakati pezvimwe. Nepo pasina chaiyo "yekupedzisira zuva" repaneru pase, kurasikirwa kwekugadzira nekufamba kwenguva kazhinji kunomanikidza midziyo yekurega basa.
Paunenge uchifunga kuti uchachengeta here pani yako ichimhanya makore makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu mune ramangwana, kana kutsvaga kukwidziridzwa panguva iyoyo, yekutarisa kubuda kwemazinga ndiyo nzira yakanakisa yekuita sarudzo ine ruzivo.
Kudzikisira
Kurasikirwa kwezvinobuda nekufamba kwenguva, kunodaidzwa kuti degradation, kunowanzo svika pa 0.5% gore rega rega, sekureva kweNational Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).
Vagadziri vanowanzofunga makore makumi maviri neshanu kusvika makumi matatu padanho rakadzikisira zvakakwana apo ingave nguva yekufunga kutsiva mapaneru. Iyo indasitiri chiyero chekugadzira waranti ndeye makore makumi maviri nemashanu pane solar module, akadaro NREL.
Tichifunga nezve 0.5% chiyero chekudzikiswa kwepagore, pani ine makore makumi maviri ekuzvarwa inokwanisa kuburitsa inosvika makumi mapfumbamwe muzana yekugona kwayo kwepakutanga.
Panel mhando inogona kuve nekukanganisa kuderedzwa kwemazinga. NREL inoshuma kuti vanogadzira premium vakaita sePanasonic neLG vane mareti angangoita 0.3% pagore, nepo mamwe mabhureki anodzikisira pamitengo yakakwira se0.80%. Mushure memakore makumi maviri nemashanu, aya ekutanga mapaneru anogona kuramba achiburitsa 93% yezvaakabuda, uye iyo yepamusoro-kuderedzwa muenzaniso inogona kuburitsa 82.5%.
(Verenga: “Vatsvagiri vanoongorora kuderedzwa muPV masisitimu akakura kupfuura makore gumi nemashanu“)
Chikamu chakakura chekudzikira chinonzi chinokonzerwa nechiitiko chinodaidzwa kuti chingave induced degradation (PID), inyaya yakaonekwa nevamwe, asi kwete vese, mapaneru. PID inoitika kana magetsi epaneru anogona uye kuvuza ikozvino dhiraivha ion kufamba mukati memodule pakati peiyo semiconductor zvinhu uye zvimwe zvinhu zvemodule, segirazi, gomo, kana furemu. Izvi zvinoita kuti iyo module simba rekubuda kwemagetsi kudzikire, mune dzimwe nguva zvakanyanya.
Vamwe vagadziri vanovaka mapaneru avo nePID-resistant zvinhu mugirazi yavo, encapsulation, uye diffusion zvipingamupinyi.
Ese mapaneru zvakare anotambura chimwe chinhu chinodaidzwa kuti light-induced degradation (LID), umo mapaneru anorasikirwa nekugona mukati memaawa ekutanga ekuratidzwa nezuva. LID inosiyana kubva papaneru kuenda kune pani zvichibva pamhando yecrystalline silicon wafers, asi kazhinji inoguma mune imwe-nguva, 1-3% kurasikirwa mukubudirira, akadaro kuyedza marabhoritari PVEL, PV Evolution Labs.
Weathering
Kuratidzwa kwemamiriro ekunze ndiyo mutyairi mukuru mukuora kwepanel. Kupisa chinhu chakakosha mune zvese-chaiyo-nguva pani kuita uye kudzikisira nekufamba kwenguva. Ambient kupisa kunokanganisa kuita uye kugona kwezvinhu zvemagetsi,maererano neNREL.
Nekutarisa bepa re data remugadziri, tembiricha yejojo inogona kuwanikwa, iyo inoratidza kugona kwepaneru kuita mukupisa kwakanyanya.
Iyo coefficient inotsanangura kuti yakawanda sei-chaiyo-chaiyo-chaiyo inorasika nedhigirii yega yega yeCelsius yakawedzera pamusoro peyakajairwa tembiricha ye25 degrees Celsius. Semuenzaniso, tembiricha ye -0.353% inoreva kuti padhigirii rega rega Celsius pamusoro pe25, 0.353% yekukwanisa kugadzira inorasika.
Kuchinjana kupisa kunofambisa kuderedzwa kwepaneru kuburikidza nemaitiro anonzi thermal cycling. Kana kuchidziya, zvinhu zvinokura, uye kana tembiricha yadzikira, zvinobatika. Kufamba uku kunokonzeresa zvishoma nezvishoma kuti ma microcracks aumbe mupanera nekufamba kwenguva, achidzikisa kuburitsa.
Mugore rayoModule Score Kadhi kudzidza, PVEL yakaongorora mapurojekiti makumi matatu nematanhatu ezuva muIndia, uye akawana zvakakosha kubva mukupisa kwekupisa. Avhareji yegore negore kushatiswa kwemapurojekiti yakasvika pa1.47%, asi mitsetse iri munzvimbo dzinotonhora, ine makomo yakaderedzwa neinoda kusvika hafu yechiyero ichocho, pa0.7%.
Kuiswa kwakakodzera kunogona kubatsira kubata nenyaya dzine chekuita nekupisa. Mapaneli anofanirwa kuiswa mashoma masendimita pamusoro pedenga, kuitira kuti mweya we convective unogona kuyerera pasi nekutonhodza midziyo. Zvishandiso zvine ruvara rwechiedza zvinogona kushandiswa mukuvaka mapaneru kudzikamisa kupisa. Uye zvikamu zvakaita sema inverters uye masanganisi, ane mashandiro anonyanya kunetseka nekupisa, anofanirwa kunge ari munzvimbo dzine shaded,yakakurudzira CED Greentech.
Mhepo ndeimwe mamiriro ekunze ayo anogona kukonzera kumwe kukuvadza kune solar panel. Mhepo ine simba inogona kukonzera kuchinjika kwemapanera, anonzi dynamic mechanical load. Izvi zvinokonzeresa microcracks mumapanera, kudzikisa kuburitsa. Dzimwe racking mhinduro dzakagadziridzwa kunzvimbo dzine mhepo huru, kuchengetedza mapaneru kubva kune akasimba ekusimudzira masimba uye kudzikisira microcracking. Kazhinji, database yemugadziri ichapa ruzivo pamusoro pemhepo huru iyo pani inokwanisa kumira.
Izvo zvakafanana zvinoenda kune sinou, iyo inogona kuvhara mapaneru panguva yemadutu anorema, ichidzikamisa kubuda. Chando chinogonawo kukonzera dynamic mechanical load, kuderedza mapaneru. Kazhinji, chando chinotsvedza kubva pamapanera, sezvo achitsvedza uye achidziya, asi mune dzimwe nguva muridzi wemba anogona kusarudza kubvisa chando kubva pamapanera. Izvi zvinofanirwa kuitwa nemazvo, sezvo kukwenya girazi pamusoro pepaneru kungave nemhedzisiro yakaipa pakubuda.
(Verenga: “Mazano ekuchengetedza solar system yako yedenga ichirira pamusoro penguva refu“)
Kudzikisira chinhu chakajairika, chisingadzivisike chikamu chehupenyu hwepanel. Kuisirwa kwakaringana, kungwarira kucheneswa kwechando, uye nekuchenjerera pani kuchenesa kunogona kubatsira nekubuda, asi pakupedzisira, solar panel tekinoroji isina zvikamu zvinofamba, inoda kugadziridzwa kushoma.
Mitemo
Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti pani yakapihwa inogona kurarama hupenyu hwakareba uye kushanda sezvakarongwa, inofanirwa kuongororwa zviyero zvekupihwa chitupa. Mapaneru ari pasi pekuongororwa kweInternational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), iyo inoshanda kune ese mono- uye polycrystalline mapaneru.
EnergySage akadaromapaneru anowana IEC 61215 akajairwa anoedzwa hunhu hwemagetsi senge wet leakage currents, uye insulation kuramba. Ivo vanoenda kunoyedzwa kuyera mutoro wemhepo uye sinou, uye bvunzo dzemamiriro ekunze dzinotarisa kusasimba kunzvimbo dzinopisa, kuratidzwa kweUV, humidity-chando, kupisa kwakanyorova, kukanganisa kwechimvuramabwe, uye kumwe kuratidzwa kwekunze.
IEC 61215 inotaridzawo mametric ekuita kwepanera pane akajairwa bvunzo mamiriro, anosanganisira tembiricha coefficient, yakavhurika-circuit voltage, uye yakanyanya simba kubuda.
Zvakare zvinowanzoonekwa pane pepa repeji chisimbiso che Underwriters Laboratories (UL), iyo inopawo zviyero uye kuyedzwa. UL inomhanyisa climactic uye kuchembera bvunzo, pamwe neiyo yakazara gamut yechengetedzo bvunzo.
Kukundikana
Kukundikana kweSolar panel kunoitika pamwero wakaderera. NRELakaita chidzidzoyeanopfuura 50,000 masisitimu akaiswa muUnited States uye 4,500 pasi rose pakati pemakore a2000 na2015. Ongororo iyi yakawana mwero wekukundikana kwepakati pe5 mapaneru kubva pagumi 000 pagore.
Kutadza kwepanel kwakawedzera zvakanyanya nekufamba kwenguva, sezvo zvakaonekwa kuti masisitimu akaiswa pakati pa1980 na2000 airatidza kukundikana kwakapetwa kaviri boka repashure-2000.
(Verenga: “Top solar panel brands mukuita, kuvimbika uye kunaka“)
System downtime haiwanzo kukonzerwa nekutadza kwepaneru. Asi izvo, ongororo yakaitwa ne kWh Analytics yakawana kuti 80% yezvese solar plant downtime imhaka yekutadza inverters, chishandiso chinoshandura mapanera DC ikozvino kune inogona kushandiswa AC. pv magazini inoongorora inverter mashandiro mune inotevera chikamu cheiyi nhevedzano.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-19-2024