Mheni ndiyo inowanzokonzera kukanganisa mu photovoltaic (PV) uye mhepo-magetsi masisitimu.Kuvhiya kunokuvadza kunogona kuitika kubva kumheni inorova chinhambwe chakareba kubva kuhurongwa, kana kunyange pakati pemakore.Asi kukuvadzwa kwemheni kwakawanda kunodzivirika.Heano mamwe eanodhura-anoshanda matekiniki ayo anowanzo kugamuchirwa nemagetsi system installers, zvichibva pamakumi emakore echiitiko.Tevedza iri zano, uye une mukana wakanaka kwazvo wekudzivirira kukuvadzwa kwemheni kune yako inogoneka simba (RE) system.
Wana Grounded
Grounding ndiyo inonyanya kukosha nzira yekudzivirira kubva mukukuvadzwa nemheni.Iwe haugone kumisa kuvhuvhuta kwemheni, asi iwe unogona kuipa nzira yakananga pasi inodarika midziyo yako yakakosha, uye nekuburitsa zvakachengeteka kuvhuvhuta muvhu.Nzira yemagetsi inoenda pasi inogara ichiburitsa magetsi akamira anoungana muchimiro chepamusoro pevhu.Kazhinji, izvi zvinodzivirira kukwezva kwemheni pakutanga.
Mheni dzinosunga uye dzinodzivirira dzekuvhiya dzakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza midziyo yemagetsi nekutora mavhisi emagetsi.Nekudaro, zvishandiso izvi hazvisi zvinotsiva zvakanaka ivhu.Vanoshanda chete pamwe chete nekudzika kunoshanda.Iyo yepasi system chikamu chakakosha chewako wiring infrastructure.Isa iyo isati yasvika kana kuti iyo wiring yemagetsi yakaiswa.Zvikasadaro, kana sisitimu yave kushanda, chikamu chakakosha ichi chinogona kusambotariswa pane "zvekuita" runyorwa.
Nhanho yekutanga kugadzira nzira yekubudisira pasi nekubatanidza (kubatanidza) zvese zvesimbi zvimiro zvesimbi uye magetsi akavharirwa, senge PV module mafiramu, anokwirisa racks, uye mhepo jenareta shongwe.Iyo National Electrical Code (NEC), Chinyorwa 250 uye Chinyorwa 690.41 kuburikidza ne690.47 inotsanangura kodhi-inopindirana newaya saizi, zvinhu, uye matekiniki.Dzivisa mabhendekete akapinza muwaya dzepasi — makwiriro akakwira haafarire kutenderedza makona uye anogona kusvetukira nyore kune waya dziri pedyo.Teerera zvakanyanya kune zvakanamirwa nemhangura waya kune aruminiyamu zvimiro zvinhu (kunyanya iyo PV module mafuremu).Shandisa majoini akanyorwa kuti “AL/CU” uye masimbi esimbi asina tsvina, izvo zvinoderedza mukana wekuora.Iwo mawaya epasi ese ese DC uye AC maseketi anozobatanidzwawo kune ino grounding system.(Tarisa kuCode Corner zvinyorwa paPV array grounding muHP102 uye HP103 kuti uwane mamwe mazano.)
Ground Rods
Chinhu chisina kusimba chekuiswa kwakawanda ndiko kubatana nepasi pacharo.Mushure mezvose, haugone kungosunga waya kupasi!Pane kudaro, unofanira kuviga kana kurovera tsvimbo yesimbi, isingaore (kazhinji mhangura) muvhu, uye ita chokwadi chekuti nzvimbo yaro yakawanda inosangana nevhu (zvinoreva kuti nyoro) ivhu.Nenzira iyi, kana magetsi asingachinjiki kana kusvuuka kuchisvika pamutsara, maerekitironi anogona kudonhera muvhu nekuramba kushoma.
Nenzira yakafanana neyokuti munda unorasa sei mvura, kudzika kunoshanda kuparadzira maerekitironi.Kana iyo drainpipe isingabudise zvakaringana muvhu, backups inoitika.Kana maerekitironi achidzokera kumusoro, anosvetuka pakakoromoka (kuumba arc yemagetsi) kune tambo dzemagetsi ako, kuburikidza nemidziyo yako, uye ipapo chete pasi.
Kuti izvi zvisaitike, isa imwe kana kupfuura 8-fiti-kureba (2.4 m), 5/8-inch (16 mm) yakapfekwa nemhangura yevhu, zvikuru muvhu nyoro.Tsvimbo imwe kazhinji haina kukwana, kunyanya muvhu rakaoma.Munzvimbo dzinooma zvakanyanya, isai matanda akawanda, muchiaparadzanisa nemamita anenge matanhatu (3 m) uye oabatanidza newaya yemhangura isina chinhu, inovigwa.Imwe nzira ndeyekuviga #6 (13 mm2), kaviri #8 (8 mm2), kana waya yemhangura yakakura isina chinhu mumugero ingangoita mafiti zana (30 m) kureba.(Waya yendarira isina chinhu inogona kuroverwa pasi pemugero unotakura pombi dzemvura kana dzesuweji, kana dzimwe waya dzemagetsi.) Kana kuti, cheka waya yepasi nepakati woiparadzira kumativi maviri.Batanidza mumwe mugumo mumwe akavigwa waya kuti grounding hurongwa.
Edza kupinza chikamu chegadziriro munzvimbo dzakanyorova, sepainodonhedza denga remba kana panofanira kudiridzwa zvirimwa.Kana paine simbi yakavharwa zvakanaka padyo, unogona kuishandisa setsvimbo yepasi (ita yakasimba, yakasungwa kubatana kune casing).
Mumamiriro ekunze akanyorova, zvitsigiro zvekongiri zvepasi- kana danda-akaiswa danda, kana shongwe yejenareta yemhepo, kana matanda epasi akavharirwa mukongiri hazvizopi nzvimbo yakanaka.Munzvimbo idzi, kongiri inowanzove isingaite zvishoma pane ivhu nyoro rakatenderedza tsoka.Kana zviri izvo, isa danda revhu muvhu padivi pekongiri pazasi peiyo array, kana pazasi peshongwe yako yejenareta yemhepo uye pane yega yega wire anchor, wozobatanidza zvese pamwe chete newaya isina chinhu, yakavigwa.
Munzvimbo dzakaoma kana dzakaoma, zvinopesana ndizvo zvinowanzova chokwadi- zvitsigiro zvekongiri zvinogona kuva nehunyoro hwepamusoro kupfuura ivhu rakatenderedza, uye zvinopa mukana wehupfumi wekudzika.Kana 20-mamita-kureba (kana kureba) rebar inofanira kuiswa mukongiri, rebar pachayo inogona kushanda setsvimbo yepasi.(Cherechedza: Izvi zvinofanira kurongwa kongiri isati yadururwa.) Iyi nzira yekugadzira pasi inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakaoma, uye inotsanangurwa muNEC, Article 250.52 (A3), "Concrete-Encased Electrode."
Kana iwe usina chokwadi cheyakanakisa nzira yekumisa yenzvimbo yako, taura nemuongorori wako wemagetsi panguva yekugadzira chikamu chehurongwa hwako.Iwe haugone kuve nezvakawanda zvekusimbisa.Munzvimbo yakaoma, shandisa mukana wega wega kuisa matanda epasi asina kupera, waya yakavigwa, nezvimwe.Shandisa mabhaudhi emhangura kusanganisa waya dzepasi zvakavimbika.
Grounding Power Circuits
Pakuvaka wiring, NEC inoda kuti rimwe divi reDC simba system ribatanidzwe-kana "kusungwa" -pasi.Iyo AC chikamu cheiyo sisitimu inofanirwa zvakare kudzika pasi nenzira yakajairwa yechero grid-yakabatana system.(Izvi ndezvechokwadi muUnited States. Mune dzimwe nyika, maseketi emagetsi asina kuvhurika ndiwo akajairika.) Kugadzika gadziriro yemagetsi kunodiwa nokuda kwegadziriro yemusha yemazuva ano muUnited States.Izvo zvakakosha kuti iyo DC yakaipa uye iyo AC isina kwayakarerekera inosungirirwa pasi panzvimbo imwe chete mumasisitimu avo, uye ese ari maviri kusvika panzvimbo imwechete mugadziriro yepasi.Izvi zvinoitwa pane central power panel.
Vagadziri vemamwe-chinangwa-chimwechete, akamira-ega masisitimu (senge pombi dzemvura yezuva uye zvinodzokorora redhiyo) vanokurudzira kusadzika dunhu remagetsi.Tarisa kune mirairo yemugadziri kune mamwe mazano.
Array Wiring & "Twisted Pair" Technique
Array wiring inofanira kushandisa hurefu hudiki hwewaya, yakaiswa musimbi.Waya dzakanaka nedzisina kunaka dzinofanirwa kuenzana kureba, uye dzichimhanyiswa pamwe chete pese pazvinogoneka.Izvi zvinoderedza induction yemhepo yakawandisa pakati pemakondakita.Metal conduit (yakavakirwa) inowedzerawo danda rekudzivirira.Chengeta waya wekunze wakareba pane kuamhanyisa pamusoro.Waya inomhanya mamita 30 kana kupfuura yakafanana nenyanga—ichawana mazambiringa kunyange mheni iri mumakore.Kuvhiya kwakafanana kunogona kuitika kunyangwe waya dzakavigwa, asi vazhinji vanoisa vanobvumirana kuti kuvigwa kwekutapurirana wiring kunowedzera miganhu mukana wekukuvadza mheni.
Zano rakareruka rekudzikisa kukonzeresa kuvhiyiwa inzira ye "twisted pair", iyo inobatsira kuenzana uye kudzima chero mavhiriji akakonzeresa pakati pemakondakita maviri kana anopfuura.Zvinogona kunetsa kuwana tambo yemagetsi yakakodzera yakatomonyoroka, saka hezvino zvekuita: Gadzirisa waya dzemagetsi pasi.Isa chimuti pakati pewaya, wozomonera pamwe chete.Mafiti makumi matatu ega ega (10 m), chinjana kwacho.(Izvi zviri nyore pane kuedza kumonyanisa chinhambwe chese munzira imwe.) Chibooreso chemagetsi dzimwe nguva chinogona kushandiswa kumonyorora waya zvakare, zvichienderana nekukura kwewaya.Ingochengetedza migumo yewaya muchuck yechibhorani uye rega kuita kwechibhorani kumonyanisa tambo pamwechete.Ita shuwa yekumhanyisa chibooreso pane yakaderera inokwanisika kumhanya kana iwe ukaedza nzira iyi.
Waya yepasi haidi kumonyoroka newaya dzemagetsi.Pakuvigwa, shandisa waya yendarira isina chinhu;kana ukashandisa conduit, mhanyisa waya yepasi kunze kwemukoto.Iyo yekuwedzera kubata kwepasi kuchavandudza kudzika kweiyo system.
Shandisa tambo dzakamonyoroka kune chero tambo dzekutaura kana dzekudzora (somuenzaniso, tambo inoyangarara-chinja yekuvhara-tangi kuvharwa kwepombi yemvura yezuva).Iyi tambo yegeji diki inowanikwa zviri nyore mune pre-yakamonyoroka, yakawanda, kana imwe peya tambo.Iwe zvakare unogona kutenga yakavharidzirwa yakamonyoroka-peya tambo, iyo ine simbi foil yakatenderedza waya dzakamonyoroka, uye kazhinji yakaparadzana, isina "drain" waya zvakare.Gadzira chidzitiro chetambo uye tambo yekudonhedza kune imwe mugumo chete, kubvisa mukana wekugadzira chiuno chepasi (chishoma nzira yakananga pasi) mu wiring.
Kuwedzera Mheni Dziviriro
Pamusoro pematanho akakura ekuisa pasi, michina yekudzivirira yekuvhiya uye (zvichida) tsvimbo dzemheni dzinokurudzirwa kunzvimbo dzine chero anotevera mamiriro:
• Nzvimbo iri yoga panzvimbo yakakwirira munzvimbo ine mheni yakasimba
• Ivhu rakaoma, rine matombo, kana kuti risingaite zvakanaka
• Waya inomhanya kupfuura 100 feet (30 m)
Vanosunga Mheni
Mheni (surge) zvisungo zvakagadzirirwa kutora ma spikes emagetsi anokonzerwa nedutu remagetsi (kana kunze-kwe-spec utility simba), uye zvinogoneka kubvumira kuvhiya kuti kupfuure tambo dzemagetsi nemidziyo yako.Vadziviriri veSurgery vanofanirwa kuisirwa kumagumo ese echero refu waya inomhanya yakabatana kune chero chikamu chesystem yako, kusanganisira mitsara yeAC kubva kune inverter.Arrestors anogadzirirwa akasiyana ma voltages ese ari maviri AC uye DC.Iva nechokwadi chekushandisa zvisungo zvakakodzera zvekushandisa kwako.Mazhinji masisitimu masisitimu anowanzo shandisa Delta surge arrestors, ayo asingadhure uye anopa kumwe dziviriro uko kutyisidzira kwemheni kuri pakati nepakati, asi aya mayunitsi haasisiri UL akanyorwa.
PolyPhaser uye Transtector zvisungo zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvenzvimbo dzine mheni uye kuisirwa kwakakura.Aya mayunitsi akasimba anopa dziviriro yakasimba uye kuenderana neyakasiyana siyana yesystem voltages.Mimwe michina ine zviratidzi kuratidza kukundikana modes.
Mheni Tsvimbo
"Mheni dzemheni" zvigadziriswe zvimisikidzo zvinoiswa pamusoro pezvivakwa uye solar-magetsi arrays, uye zvakabatanidzwa pasi.Ivo vanoitirwa kudzivirira kuvakwa kweiyo static charge uye pakupedzisira ionization yemhepo yakatenderedza.Vanogona kubatsira kudzivirira kurova, uye vanogona kupa nzira yekukwira zvakanyanya kusvika pasi kana kurohwa kukaitika.Midziyo yemazuva ano yakaita spike, kazhinji iine mapoinzi akawanda.
Matanda ekuvhenekesa anowanzo shandiswa panzvimbo dzinosangana nedutu remagetsi rakanyanyisa.Kana iwe uchifunga kuti saiti yako inowira muchikamu ichi, hira kontrakiti ane ruzivo mukudzivirira mheni.Kana system yako yekuisa isina kunyatsokodzera, funga kubvunza nyanzvi yekudzivirira mheni system isati yaiswa.Kana zvichiita, sarudza North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP) certified PV installer (ona Access).Kunyangwe ichi chitupa chisina kunangana nekudzivirira mheni, inogona kuve chiratidzo cheyero yekuisa yekugona kwese.
Kusaona, Kwete Mupfungwa
Basa rakawanda rekudzivirira mheni rakavigwa, uye risingaonekwe.Kuti ubatsire kuona kuti zvaitwa nemazvo, zvinyore mukondirakiti(s) yako neako masisitimu, mugadziri wemagetsi, anochera, pombi, tsime rekudhiraivha, kana chero munhu ari kuita basa repasi rinenge riine system yako yekumisa.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-10-2020